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<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIndividual racism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Individual racism refers to the beliefs, attitudes, and actions of individuals that support or perpetuate racism. Individual racism can be deliberate, or the individual may act to perpetuate or support racism without knowing that is what they are doing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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- Telling a racist joke, or using a racial stereotype (even when it’s being presented as a “good” thing).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Avoiding people of colour whom you do not know personally, but not whites whom you do not know personally (e.g., white people crossing the street to avoid a group of Latino people; people locking their doors when they see African American families in a their neighborhood; judging someone’s perceived skills, experience or competency based on their name; or not hiring a person of colour because \u201csomething doesn\u2019t feel right\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Accepting things as they are (a form of collusion).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Believing in the inherent superiority of whites over other groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
SOURCE:<\/strong> Flipping the Script: White Privilege and Community Building<\/em><\/a> by Maggie Potapchuk, Sally Leiderman, Donna Bivens, and Barbara Major (2005).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nInterpersonal racism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Interpersonal racism occurs between individuals. Once we bring our private beliefs into our interaction with others, racism is now in the interpersonal realm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Examples: public expressions of racial prejudice, hate, bias, and bigotry between individuals; public rallies or protests targeting a specific racialized group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
SOURCE:<\/strong> Chronic Disparity: Strong and Pervasive Evidence of Racial Inequalities<\/em> by Keith Lawrence and Terry Keleher (2004).
Related Resources: <\/strong>Racism<\/a> (scroll down alphabetically to the box for \u201cInterpersonal Racism<\/strong>\u201d) Location: FUNDAMENTALS \/ Core Concepts<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nInstitutional racism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Institutional racism refers specifically to the ways in which institutional policies and practices create different outcomes for different racial groups. The institutional policies may never mention any racial group, but their effect is to create advantages for whites and oppression and disadvantage for people from groups classified as people of color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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- Government policies that explicitly restricted the ability of people to get loans to buy or improve their homes in neighborhoods with high concentrations of African Americans (also known as \u201cred-lining\u201d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Child welfare practices (which see a significantly disproportionate number of Indigenous kids represented in the foster care system).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- City sanitation department policies that concentrate trash transfer stations and other environmental hazards disproportionately in communities of colour.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
PRIMARY SOURCE:<\/strong> Flipping the Script: White Privilege and Community Building<\/em> <\/a>by Maggie Potapchuk, Sally Leiderman, Donna Bivens, and Barbara Major (2005).<\/p>\n\n\n\n